Chanting the Hebrew Bible: The Art of Cantillation
- Author: Jacobson, Joshua R.
Book
$121.75Contents
- How to Use this Book
- Transliterations, Translations and Text Sources
- Chapter 1 Cantillation
- The Ritual Art of Chanting the Hebrew Scriptures
- The Terminology of Cantillation
- Chironomy
- Why Chant?
- The Scroll
- Ambiguity in the Consonantal Text
- The Masoretic Text
- The Rhythm of Cantillation
- The Pitches of Cantillation
- Ekphonetic Notation
- Transcriptions of the te'amim
- Inflection
- Resolving Ambiguity
- Chapter 2.1 Parallelism
- Corresponding Parallelism
- Parallel Actions
- Analogous Parallelism
- Elliptical Parallelism
- Chapter 2.2 The Primary Dichotomy: Siluk and Etnahta
- The Disjunctive Siluk
- Meteg
- The Disjunctive Etnahta
- Chanting
- Diagramming Phrases
- Parsing
- Level One: Contiguous Segments
- Exception: Verses without Etnahta
- The Pausal Form
- Word Order
- Chapter 2.3 Level Two: Tippeha
- The Secondary Dichotomy: Tippeha
- Three Independent Clauses
- The Simple Sentence
- The Nominal Clause
- Chapter 2.4 Conjunctives
- Recursive Dichotomy
- Disjunctives and Conjunctives within a Segment
- Merekha - The "Servant" of Siluk
- Merekha - The "Servant" of Tippeha
- Merekha Khefulah
- Munah
- Conjunctives and Dagesh Kal
- The "Conjunctive Soft" Form
- Chapter 2.5 Substitutions
- Tippeha Substituting for a Conjunctive
- One-Word Clauses in Level One
- Two Te'amim on a Long Word
- Mayela and Siluk on a Single Word
- Mayela and Etnahta on a Single Word
- Munah and Etnahta on a Single Word
- Merekha and Tippeha on a Single Word
- Two Munahs: A Double Conjunctive
- Chapter 2.6 Level Two: Zakef
- Stepping Segments
- Stepping Segments and Nesting Segments
- The Four Forms of Zakef
- Munah-The Conjunctive Serving Zakef Katon
- A New Model
- Another Upgrade
- Review: Three Models of Dichotomy
- Review
- Verb in Second Position
- The Word
- The Vocative Case
- Chapter 2.7 Level Two: Segol
- When Does Segol Appear?
- Munah-The Conjunctive Serving Segol.
- Shalshelet as a Substitute for Segol
- Pasek
- The Seven Occurences of Shalshelet
- Rabbinic Exegesis of Shalshelet
- Chapter 2.8 Tevir
- The Disjunctive Tevir
- Examples of Tevir
- Relative Cadences: Tippeha and Tevir
- Upgrading: Tevir Substituting for Merekha
- The Conjunctives of Tevir: Darga and Merekha
- A New Model
- Verb In Terminal Position
- Chapter 2.9 The Remote Conjunctives of Tevir
- Kadma And Munah: The Secondary Conjunctives of Tevir
- Verb in the Middle - Part Two
- Secondary Accents
- Merekha Khefulah and Darga: Two Conjunctives before Tippeha
- More than One Remote Conjunctive
- Three or More Conjunctives
- Chapter 2.10 Revia'
- Upgrade: Tevir to Revia'
- The Dichotomy of Lists
- Revia' Analysis
- Three Level-Three "Stepping" Segments
- Darga-The Remote Conjunctive Of Revia'
- Three Conjunctives before Revia'
- Chapter 2.11 Pashta
- The Disjunctive Pashta
- Pashta and Kadma
- Yetiv-A Substitute for Pashta
- Munah Upgraded to Pashta or Yetiv
- The Meteg as Lengthener
- Substitutions and the Conjunctive-Rafeh Rule
- Verses with No Conjunctives
- The Conjunctives of Pashta-Mahpakh and Merekha
- Derivation of the Name "Mahpakh"
- Mahpakh and Pashta on The Same Word
- Mahpakh and Yetiv
- The Retracted Accent-Nasog Ahor
- The Remote Conjunctives of Pashta-Kadma or Munah
- The Third and Fourth Remote Conjunctives of Pashta
- Revia'-The Initial Level-Three Disjunctive before Pashta
- Upgrading Pashta to Revia'
- Chapter 2.12 Zarka
- Zarka
- The Conjunctives of Zarka
- Upgrading Munah-Segol to Zarka-Segol
- Upgrading for Long Words
- The Remote Conjunctives of Zarka-Kadma or Munah
- Munah Instead of Kadma
- Three Conjunctives before Zarka
- Four Conjunctives before Zarka
- Two Subdivisions under Segol
- Three Subdivisions under Segol
- Chapter 2.13 Level Four: Geresh
- Simple Verses and Complex Verses
- Subdividing a Level-Three Segment
- Geresh and Double Geresh
- The Forms of Geresh
- Geresh without a Conjunctive
- Upgrading for Long Words
- The Conjunctives of Geresh-Kadma and Munah
- The Remote Conjunctive of Geresh-Telishah Ketanah
- Munah-The Conjunctive before Telishah Ketanah
- To Geresh or Not to Geresh?
- The Geresh Segment In Context
- Chapter 2.14 Level Four: Legarmeh
- The Disjunctive Legarmeh
- Legarmeh or Geresh?
- The 2+1 Division and Exceptions to the Rule
- Stepping Level-Four Segments
- The Conjunctive of Legarmeh-Merekha
- Three or More Stepping Segments
- Analysis of Complete Verses
- Chapter 2.15 Level Four: Pazer
- The Distribution of Level-Four Terminators
- The Disjunctive Pazer (Katan)
- The Conjunctive of Pazer-Munah
- Level-Four Segments
- Three Stepping Segments
- The Pazer Segment in Context
- Lists
- Level Five
- Chapter 2.16 Level Four: Pazer Gadol
- The Disjunctive Pazer Gadol (Karney-Farah)
- The Conjunctive of Pazer Gadol-Galgal (Yerah-Ben-Yomo)
- The Pazer Gadol Clause in Context
- Chapter 2.17 Telishah Gedolah
- The Disjunctive Telishah Gedolah
- Telishah Gedolah as a Substitute for Geresh
- Telishah Gedolah and Geresh on the Same Word
- Telishah Gedolah as a Substitute for Pazer
- Telishah Gedolah as a Level-Five Terminator
- Telishah Gedolah as a Substitute for Telishah Ketanah
- The Telishah Gedolah Clause in Context
- Chapter 3 Pronunciation
- The Importance of Correct Pronunciation
- Halakhic Evidence
- The Evolution of the Hebrew Language
- An Official Hebrew Diction
- The "Elevated" Style
- About this Guide
- Consonant "Voicing"
- The Pronunciation of
- The Pronunciation of and
- The Pronunciation of
- Other Differences
- Run-on Words
- Vowel Length
- Pure Vowels
- Consistent Pronunciation
- Doubled Consonants
- Becoming Familiar with Dagesh Hazak
- Mappik
- The Function of Mappik
- The Sound of Mappik
- Shin and Sin
- Matres Lectionis-
- Syllables
- Open Syllables
- Closed Syllables
- Dagesh Kal
- The Conjunctive Soft Form
- Consonant Endings
- Dagesh Hazak in
- Vocal Sheva (Sheva Na')
- Intermediate Sheva (Sheva Merahef)
- Summary: Prefix Chart
- Kamats Forms
- Kamats before Dehik
- Two Approaches to the Rules of Pronunciation
- Furtive Patah (Patah Genuvah)
- And as Consonants
- Some Words Are Not Pronounced as They Are Written
- Syllabic Stress: Millera' and Mille'el
- Marking the Accent
- The Secondary Accent
- Syllabic Rhythm
- Makkef
- Vowel Length Reduction in Connected Words
- Special Te'amim for Contiguous Accents
- Retraction
- Secondary Stress
- Observations on Secondary Stress
- The Euphonic Meteg
- Meteg Summary
- The Pausal Form
- Vowel Changes in Pausal Form
- Change Of Stress in the Hiatus Form
- Change Of Stress in Vav Conversive
- The Directional (or "Locative") Suffix
- Suffixes and Syllabic Stress
- Rare Words that Begin with Dagesh Hazak ( )
- Pronunciation of the Conjunctive Dagesh
- The Vocalization of Prefixes
- The Definite Article
- Prepositional Prefixes
- The Word
- The Interrogative Prefix
- Vav Conjunctive
- Vav Conversive
- The Prepositional Prefixes
- The Prepositional Prefix
- Formal Classical Pronunciation versus Colloquial Modern Pronunciation
- General Pronunciation Exercises
- Chapter 4 Canon And Masorah
- A History of the Scrolls
- The Aniquity of Cantillation
- Where Do the Melodies Come From?
- The Chanting of Scripture
- Did Tiberian Notation Represent an Ancient Tradition?
- The Septuagint
- Other Ancient Greek Manuscripts
- Evidence in the Talmud
- Other Systems of Punctuation
- The Musical Realization of the Tiberian System
- The Notation Systems
- The Tiberian Codices
- The Aleppo Codex
- Other Ancient Codices
- Chapter and Verse
- Printed Bibles
- The Soferim and the Consonantal Text
- Masoretic Annotations and Lists
- Chapter 5.1 The Te'amim
- Disjunctives
- Conjunctives
- Other Signs
- Remote Conjunctives
- Invariables
- Upgrading in a Two-Word Domain
- Upgrading in the Presence of Long Words
- Substitutions for Musical Considerations
- Frequency Chart
- Repeating Te'amim
- The Hierarchy of the Te'amim
- The Twenty-One Books and the Three Books
- The Poetic Books: Psalms, Proverbs and Job
- Chapter 5.2 Two Te'amim on a Single Word
- Primary and Secondary Accents
- Meteg
- The Euphonic Meteg
- Double Conjunctives
- Double Disjunctives
- Doubled Invariables
- Postpositives
- Prepositives
- High and Low Accents: Two Traditions
- The Decalogue
- The Saga Of Reuben
- Chapter 5.3 Troubleshooting
- Commonly Confused Te'amim
- Errors in Rhythm
- Commonly Mispronounced Consonants
- Commonly Mispronounced Vowels
- Incorrect Syllabic Stress
- Biblical Hebrew and Contemporary Hebrew
- The Last Word
- Chapter 5.4 Parsing The Hebrew Bible
- Some Definitions
- Overview-The Steps Involved in Parsing
- Identify the Verbs
- Parallelism-Pairs of Clauses
- The Verbless (Nominal) Clause
- Coordinated Verbs
- More than Two Independent Clauses
- The Subordinate Clause
- Downgrading the Time Stamp
- Inverted Downgrade
- Quotations
- Linked Word Pairs
- Inconsistency of Style
- Construct ( ) Followed by a Linked Pair
- Particles
- Other Words
- The Word
- Lists
- Emphatic Words
- The Verb and its Complements
- Puzzling Punctuation
- The Limits of Predictability
- Chapter 5.5 The Pedagogy of Cantillation
- The Cantillation Class
- Applying the Paradigm to the Student's Portion
- Flash Cards
- Dictation
- Listening Activities
- Teaching Inflection
- Applying the Melodies to Familiar Words
- Reinforcing the Patterns
- Suggestions for Self-Study
- Preparing to Read from a Scroll
- Chapter 6.1 Interpreting the Te'amim
- Music of the People
- The Liquid Tradition Becomes Frozen
- One Tradition among Many
- Music Serves the Text
- Transcription of the Te'amim
- Rhythmic Notation
- Pitch Notation
- The Names of the Te'amim
- Syllabic Stress
- Improvisation
- Smoothing
- Redistribution
- Compensation
- Pick-Up Pitch Adjustment
- The Rhythm of Cantillation
- Reading Complete Phrases
- High and Low Te'amim
- Chapter 6.2 Torah
- Historical Development of the Public Reading
- Contemporary Practices in Traditional Synagogues
- The Cycle of Readings
- The Combined Pericope
- The Division of the Pericope
- Extra Aliyot
- The Number of Olim
- The Number of Verses
- The Maftir
- Simhat Torah Customs
- Procedures Related to the Torah Reading
- The Correct Reading of the Torah
- Qualifications for the Ba'al Keri'ah
- Correcting An Error In The Reading
- A Defect in the Scroll
- Tokhehot
- Remembering Amalek
- Ta'amey Ha-'Elyon
- Other Special Customs
- The Melodies of the Cantillation Motifs
- The Siluk and Etnahta Segments
- The Zakef Segment
- The Tevir Segment
- The Pashta/Yetiv Segment
- The Segol/Shalshelet Segment
- The Revia' Segment
- The Legarmeh Segment
- The Geresh Segment
- Telishah Gedolah
- Pazer
- Munah Galgal Pazer-Gadol
- The Final Cadence
- Special Melodies
- Akdamut Millin
- Chanting the Torah Blessings
- The Kaddish
- Summary of the Te'amim
- The Scale of the Torah Cantillation
- The Te'amim according to Abraham Binder
- Chapter 6.3 Haftarah
- Contemporary Traditional Practice
- Historical Development of the Haftarah
- Customs
- Etymology
- Haftarah Chart
- The Melodies of the Cantillation Motifs
- The Siluk and Etnahta Segments
- The Zakef Segment
- The Tevir Segment
- The Pashta/Yetiv Segment
- The Segol Segment
- The Revia' Segment
- The Legarmeh Segment
- The Geresh Segment
- Other Segments
- The Final Cadence
- Modulations to the Lamentation Mode
- Blessings
- Yatsiv Pitgam
- Summary of the Te'amim
- Chapter 6.4 The Festival Megillot: Song Of Songs, Ruth, and Ecclesiastes
- The Contemporary Practicea nd its Roots
- The Song of Songs
- Ruth
- Ecclesiastes
- The Siluk and Etnahta Segments
- Merekha Siluk
- Etnahta
- Tippeha
- The Tevir Segment
- The Zakef Segment
- The Pashta/Yetiv Segment
- The Segol Segment
- The Revia' Segment
- The Legarmeh Segment
- The Geresh Segment
- Gereshayim
- Telishah Gedolah
- Pazer
- The Final Cadence
- Blessings
- Summary of the Te'amim
- Chapter 6.5 Esther
- The Contemporary Practice and its Roots
- The Siluk and Etnahta Segments
- Tippeha
- The Tevir Segment
- The Zakef Segment
- The Pashta/Yetiv Segment
- The Segol Segment
- The Revia' Segment
- The Legarmeh Segment
- The Geresh Segment
- Telishah Gedolah
- Pazer
- Munah Galgal Pazer-Gadol
- The Final Cadence
- The Invitational Cadence
- Lamentation Verses
- Exceptional Verses
- Blessings
- Shoshannat Ya'akov
- Summary of the Te'amim
- The Scale of the Te'amim
- The Axes of the Te'amim
- Chapter 6.6 Lamentations (Ekhah)
- Structure
- Liturgical Use
- Lamentations Motifs in other Readings
- Chanting Chapter Three
- The Siluk and Etnahta Segments
- Tippeha
- The Tevir Segment
- The Zakef Segment
- The Pashta/Yetiv Segment
- The Segol Segment
- The Revia' Segment
- The Legarmeh Segment
- The Geresh Segment
- Other
- Final Cadences
- Summary of the Te'amim
- The Scale of the Cantillation
- Chapter 6.7 Torah for the High Holiday Morning Service
- The Siluk and Etnahta Segments
- Tippeha
- The Tevir Segment
- The Zakef Segment
- The Pashta/Yetiv Segment
- The Segol Segment
- The Revia' Segment
- The Legarmeh Segment
- The Geresh Segment
- Telishah Gedolah
- Pazer
- The Final Cadence
- Chanting the Blessings
- Kaddish
- Summary of the Te'amim
- The Scale of the Te'amim
- Chapter 7.1 Comparison Chart
- Chapter 7.2 The Ideal Reader
- Chapter 7.3 Guide to the Readings
- Genesis
- Exodus
- Leviticus
- Numbers
- Deuteronomy
- Special Torah Readings
- Simhat Torah
- Public Fast Days
- Rosh Hodesh
- Shavuot
- High Holidays
- Haftarot
- Genesis - Haftarot
- Exodus - Haftarot
- Leviticus - Haftarot
- Numbers - Haftarot
- Deuteronomy - Haftarot
- Special Haftarot
- Ruth
- Song of Songs
- Ecclesiastes (Kohelet)
- Lamentations
- Esther
- Chapter 7.4 Glossary
- Bibliography
- Index